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daniel eagan

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  1. A lot of misinformation here. The Public Enemy was released in 1931, not 1935. And it is inconsiderate to give away the ending of a film that some people may not have seen. Paul Muni was the star of the original Scarface, not "Paul Munie." The "Haze code" should be the Hays Office, which is the informal name for the MPDAA (later MPAA), the agency responsible for the Production Code, which was published in 1927, four years before The Public Enemy was released. The Code was strengthened in 1933, but not strictly enforced until 1934, three years after The Public Enemy. The strongly moralistic ending of The Public Enemy actually conforms to what the Production Code espoused at the time. Occurrences of nudity in Hollywood films are extremely limited before 1933, and almost nonexistent afterwards, at least until the 1960s. Violence was permissible only under rigid guidelines. Violence from films in the 1940s is actually more detailed and sadistic. The Wild Bunch never received an X rating; it was released as an R. I'm not sure what your argument is at any rate. The Public Enemy, released under fairly strict censorship guidelines, is still raw, powerful, and violent. The Wild Bunch, released at the tail end of censorship influence, is still firmly moralistic and safely within norms of acceptable violence. You can see more detailed violence any night of the week on broadcast television, despite seven years of abominable leadership from the Bush administration. And doesn't censorship, or at least some set of agreed-upon conventions, help protect consumers from things like snuff films?
  2. Sorry in advance if this is a boneheaded question. I'm trying to find out how many shades of gray would be used in a Hollywood B&W film in the 1940s or 50s. In lighting and costume design, then in developing and finally projecting. How many gradations could they count on getting?
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