Michael Nash

It's not a rumor. The filters are still changing the color of the light hitting the film (or sensor), just not to a "perfect" tungsten balance. Remember that color-balancing filters work by virtue of the color of light they block or cancel out. An 85 works by canceling blue-cyan light. Coral filters have a little more red in them and less yellow than 85 series, which means it cancels a little less blue but blocks more cyan. Straw is more yellow and less red, which means it blocks more blue but less cyan. If you pick a filter that's equivalent in density to the appropriate 85, you won't notice much difference in color temperature but you will see a slight shift in hue reproduction, especially when comparing flesh-to-neutral reproduction.

Phil is pretty much right. I'll add a couple things though. First, please don't confuse LATITUDE with DYNAMIC RANGE. These terms are not interchangeable and mean very different things, both of which are crucial to your understanding of this subject. LATITUDE is the amount an image can be over- or under-exposed and still be color-corrected into acceptable-looking image. Obviously what's "acceptable" is subjective, but let's say you determine that you can underexpose your overall image three stops before the noise and shadow detail becomes unacceptably ugly, and that you can overexpose the image only one stop before the highlight clipping becomes objectionable. That means you have a latitude of four stops (not 12!) -- three stops of underexpose latitude, and one stop of overexposure latitude. LATITUDE is the "wiggle room," or margin-of-error you have for exposure with that system. DYNAMIC RANGE is the full range of luminance the camera system can capture and reproduce. That's usually measured by the ability to differentiate a gray card from pure white or pure black. Obviously that's a very different interpretation of exposure from "latitiude," as those extremes of sensitivity won't produce a recoverable image with a full range of luminance. Secondly, ALL systems, digital and analogue (film), have different imaging characteristics throughout their exposure range. Dynamic range, color hues and saturation, noise, highlight clipping and gamma curves will all change along with the exposure. It's your job as cinematographer (or DIT in your case) to get to know the imaging qualities of the system you're using, primarily by TESTING. There's no inherently right or wrong way to expose an image; just the way that manipulates the technology to produce the desired results. So to answer your original question, you determine the exposure by finding the balance of highlight range, noise, color fidelity and other qualities -- all the way through color correction -- that gives you the look you (and your supervisors) want. In some cases you might decide to significantly underexpose the RAW or LOG image in order to preserve more shadow detail in the scene and highlight range from the sensor; in other cases you might want to nail the RAW exposure dead-on in order to preserve the fullest dynamic range from the sensor with the least noise. There's no one right way to do it. So on a practical level, you usually expose using a LUT. That's what it's for: it's a representation of what the final color-corrected image will look like, taking into account your image adjustments, so that you're NOT confused by the flattened contrast, altered luminance, and uncorrected color of the RAW or LOG image. Use light meters and view the RAW image to verify what you're getting on the sensor, but don't set your exposure by what "looks right" in RAW or LOG view. Incidentally, this is essentially what film cinematographers have been doing for decades, minus the viewable LUT on a monitor. The "LUT" is essentially in the DP's head (and on paper in the form of notes); you expose your image according to the testing you've done with the film stocks, lenses and filters, and lab and printing processes you're going to be using, not necessarily by the film's actual ASA rating.

I'd say pick the right tool for the job, both for cinematography and aviation. I've done a fair amount of aerial cinematography and I'm studying for a PPL, and none of this strikes me like the right way to go -- especially if you've got a sizable budget. Don't underestimate the amount of panning, tilting, and even rolling you'll need to get good compositions from a moving aircraft. I don't think a small hole in a window would allow nearly enough camera movement, not to mention the aircraft modification and all that that would entail. You don't state the requirements for your aerial shots, so it's hard to make suggestions for alternative rigs. What kinds of subjects? What altitude do you need for the desired shots? What kind of camera angle, focal length, and camera/aircraft movement do you need for your shots? All of these things will point you toward the best suited tools. You don't necessarily need a helicopter for your second camera ship. There are lots of small, lighter aircraft that can accommodate aerial photography (especially with a small camera like the EX3), at a lower hourly rate. Just as an example, here's some air-to-air shot from a small helicopter (R44) with a stabilized Sony FX1. I had nothing to do with this video, but it shows some things that are possible with a good pilot and small gear.

Thanks for the info, I'll have to check out "NCIS LA." Watching the pilot of "Detroit 187" tonight I could tell it was shot with the RED (primarily). I'm looking forward to seeing the regular series production shot with Panasonic HPX 3000's.

Rajakahn, you don't say whether you're shooting with a single or multiple cameras. Shooting with two or three cameras (if practical) can help you get the most coverage quickly. Two cameras can overlap coverage on one take (for example; A Camera covers the group while B Camera gets a couple characters within the group; subsequent takes can have the cameras getting separate singles simultaneously). Another important thing is blocking. The more you can arrange the blocking of the scene into two "sides" of the set, the less relighting there will have to be. In a perfect world you can even shoot the wide or master from the same relative angle as one of the "sides" (angles) as you use for coverage. With a little practice you can get some nice angles this way without having the shots look too constrained or repetitive.

Let's refrain from name-calling here, please. Everyone is entitled to express their opinion, and it's inevitable that some will disagree. Let's just keep the disagreement civil. Thanks, -Mod

If you notice there is no "nose shadow" in the pic because the entire side of the face is one big shadow. Take your key light more to the side so that none of its light falls on the opposite cheek. That said, everyone here is correct: There are shadows in life, so they don't always have to be ugly; if you find a shadow distracting you can make it a little less objectionable by making the light softer; and a lower contrast ratio tends to make shadows less visibly prominent than a higher contrast ratio. Learning where to place the light for the desired modeling and shadow is the art of cinematography. Practice, practice, practice!

It's playing downtown LA tomorrow night, as part of a traveling series: http://www.rangelifeentertainment.com/

Well people were talking about "that Saving Private Ryan effect" in the two year interim before Gladiator came out... :P I don't think there's any "real" name for it; just anything that describes a "fast shutter effect" or a reference to whichever popular movie where people have seen it.

You're right, I had my "magic numbers" reversed. I should have said 150 degrees for 25fps/60 Hz. (172.8 is indeed for 24fps/50hz.). You're also right that fluorescent lights usually don't cause an appreciable flicker when shot slightly off-speed (as in this case); however my experience with PAL shooting has always shown some slight flicker from many 60Hz. sources, such as discharge-type street lights, etc. Knocking the shutter down from 1/50 to 1/60 always clears it right up with no visible affect on motion blur. But that's 50 field PAL; never tried it with 25 fps progressive on the RED.

For 25fps/60Hz shooting, set your shutter to 172.8 degrees instead of 180 (1/60th of a second exposure instead of 1/50).

...or rent? No one says you have to purchase the item just to use it. If you want cheap, you get a person to operate each light: either twiddling a simple dimmer or manually waving a small flag or even hands in front of light. Some of my best fire/TV gags have been done by hand.

That seems like a pretty broad statement. Since you've used both cameras, you know that the Sony will allow you to adjust gamma, black stretch, color matrix, detail and so forth to create just the kind of image you want. Sony's preset numbers always have been biased toward a punchy "video" look, but that doesn't mean that that's the only look the camera is capable of delivering. I like the HVX quite a bit (and I generally prefer Panasonic's "look"), but I've been pleasantly surprised by the quality of the images you can get out of the Sony AFTER you take the time to set up the camera properly.

John's absolutely correct about the oversampling issue, but pixel count isn't all of it. The other factor is the quality of the SD and HD cameras you're comparing. A broadcast-level SD camera with a good lens can deliver an exquisite SD image, while the downconverted image from a consumer-grade HD camera may look only so-so. It's not just the size of the image; it's the quality.

Okay here's ONE of mine: And now I'm moving this thread out of the "Cinematographers" forum...

HD is neither NTSC nor PAL -- those are standard def designations. There are however different HD frequencies and frame rates in order to be compatible with those two SD standards. 25 fps in the 50 Hz. "PAL" world is recorded and displayed as 25.00 discreet frames per second. 25 fps in the 60Hz. "NTSC" world will be recorded as 24.98 fps. How your edit system may deal with that footage is a post question.

Many cameras require switching to a higher voltage (24V) to achieve frame rates above 50 fps. Ensure that your system can handle 24V first, but I suspect a 24V battery will get you to 75 fps with no problem.

It's been a little while so I don't recall the exact package we had on that one. I'm pretty sure we had a 2.5K HMI and two 1.2 HMI pars, some kinos, and some smaller tungsten fresnels. The main performance under the arbor was a hose with a spray nozzle rigged above, and I edged her with two 1.2's with medium lenses to give her a hot kick from each side (and backlight the mist). Her key was a 2.5 through a 4x4' frame of 216. The whole video was shot at the director's house so we had to tightly frame different areas so it wouldn't all look the same. The arbor was right next to a swimming pool so I had no choice but to key her a little from the side, since she was right at the lip of the pool. The picnic scene was at the other side of the pool, while it was gray and drizzly on us. The "sunlight" is a 2.5 K to the side. The scene where the guy drinks the spiked martini was lit only by the practical lamps fitted with photofloods. That setup was tricky because we were shooting directly into an entire wall of mirrors, so we couldn't rig anything anywhere. The camera is hidden by the table and a little duvetyn.

Here's another music video I gaffed for DP Mike Rizzi, shot on a cold wet day around Christmas '07. Super 16mm, Fuji Eterna 500 (I think), Canon zooms. http://www.michaelrizzi.com/site/lesley_roy.html

Much of the time the master is only there to establish geography for the viewer, and gets cut out of pretty early in the scene. The meat of the story is told in closer two shots, OTS's and singles. The waiter could be Offscreen for the dialogue; you only need to "feel" him (over the hip shot at the table) to establish his presence. Gabe, cutaway of couple at table, insert of the note, wider shot that shows the door. Four shots. But don't worry about moving the camera; moving the lighting setup is what takes the time. From one lighting angle you can get an infinite number of shots. "Turning around" (reversing your lighting setup to be seen from the opposite angle) is what's the most time consuming. Lighting "tweaks" from the same direction are relatively fast. I just finsihed gaffing a low budget feature for a first-time director and in the interest of time I kept lobbying for the master to be shot from an angle a little closer to one side of the reverse-angles, that would only require smaller lighting tweaks when going in for coverage from that side, and one turn around. I rarely got my way as the master would end up more objective, and only for the sake of establishing geography. When speed an simplicity is required I'm a big fan of the "moving master" or what I call "the 30-something shot" (also seen in Law & Order). It's essentially a dollying two-shot that follows the actors as they move until they inevitably settle into some kind static dialogue, where the master settles into an OTS from one side. Then punch in for one single from that side and turn around for the reverse OTS and single. Four or five shots (depending on how you look at it) and two lighting setups.

There's always a hundred different ways to tell the same story, each with their own subtle shift in meaning. This scene absolutely could play as a oner. The camera always represents the consciousness of the storyteller. It has to be loyal to the point of view the story is being told from (GABE or some omniscient 3rd person), the visual grammar being used to tell the story, and the themes and emotional tone of the scene. If it's established that the story is from Gabe's POV and the scene helps set up how lonely and isolated he feels, then keeping the camera at a distance and filling the frame with empty hallway might reinforce that. Cutting to a tight shot of the knock and a reaction shot of his face might over-emphasize details that have nothing to do with the themes or emotional tone of the story, and might betray the visual grammar of the rest of the film (depending on what you come up with). It's not about how you shoot the scene, it's about how you tell the story.

Not always. Lighting a successful "one-er" can sometimes be complicated as you have different framings and camera movement to get all the info needed for the scene in camera. The more complex the shot, the more time-consuming it can be to do the lighting setup. Sometimes it's actually easier to break a scene into two separate angles that are easier to light.

Maybe we need to ask Tim to start a Florida thread here.

I live in Los Angeles (Pasadena) but I'm St. Pete born and raised. Got my B.S. from UF. I may be heading back sometime this summer to shoot a short film for a producer/director friend of mine.

HPX3000. Worlds apart from the HVX ;) Don't bother with adapters with a 2/3" chip camera. Get good 2/3" HD lenses and you'll get the best images.