it was part of Melville's distinctive visual style. i am uncertain as to how one might recreate that dull, washed-out but still contrasty look without color timing in the processing stage or the telecine stage. i can't imagine that his films weren't graded to look the way that they do.
here is a good representation of the look, as well as a botched transfer by criterion: http://www.dvdbeaver.com/film/dvdcompare2/cerclerouge/cerclerouge3.html