Friction coupling? As part of a governor mechanism or something else? I thought they have a rheostat based centrifugal governor. I expect it to have something like a rheostat followed by a current amplifier (maybe that big transistor at the top working as emitter follower). I don't have that experience but at least I understand how PID and PLL control works. My naive idea is to start from a simple integrator based control loop. Integral control will automatically give not just a desired speed at the moment but an average speed over a period of time (or a specific number of frames per say minute regardless of fluctuations) which is what (again from my naive POV) expected from a controller to give a syncable result.