There has been some great cinematographers mentioned so far. I thought I'd throw a few names into the discussion. Robert Elswit and Robert Yeoman are two guys that have been around for a long time but alot of their best work has been done in the last ten years. RE (Boogie Nights, Magnolia, Punch Drunk Love, Good Night And Good Luck) RY (Bottle Rocket, The Royal Tenabaums, The Life Aquatic).
Of the newcomers I think two men who have a unique visual aesthetic are Benoit Debie (Irreversible, Calvaire, Innocence) and Ji-Yong Kim who shot the Korean film A Bittersweet Life which blew me away. Honorable mention has to go to Tim Orr who has shot all of David Gordan Greens Films and Benoit Delhomme who shot the French/Viatnamese film Cyclo, which changed my life....visually, that is.