For shutter speed you can calculate the difference using the simple formula of a/b/2. 60/24/2=1.25 or 1 1/3 stop
Memorize the difference of common frame rates like 24, 48, 60, 120, 240 and so on, but you never know when you'll stumble upon something weird or want something specific.
Just memorize the fstop scale and you're good as far as those are concerned. The math for figuring it out is too complex for my little brain. Just know that 8 is two more than 4, and 11 is one less than 16. Not as many integers as framerates, and most shots are in the T2-T8 range anyhow. I guess magic of knowing = 1 1/3 stop
Iso is easy. Divide one unto the other. 800/640=1.25 or 1 1/3 stop